微束分析技术在研究伴生金元素赋存状态中的应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

戴婕  徐金沙  潘晓东  任静  张茜 《岩矿测试》2011,30(6):655-663

运用微束分析技术扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及其配套的背散射电子像功能,特征X射线线扫描、面扫描功能,能谱仪(EDAX)鉴定功能,观察里伍铜矿矿石中纳米级至微米级的伴生金(超微细金)矿物,获取其形貌照片、能谱图和定性定量分析结果,得到了清晰的金元素及与其共生的元素线、面分布图像,查明了里伍铜矿中的金元素是以类质同象的形式分布于含银的铋矿物和金银矿中,含银的铋矿物和金银矿分布在黄铜矿与磁黄铁矿的裂隙中及含锰的铁闪锌矿中,排除了基体成分的干扰,载金矿物颗粒至少大于20 nm。该方法操作简便,过程简单,分析结果直观、可靠,提高了研究伴生金元素赋存状态的效率。测试的样品为里伍铜矿热液型矿石,经分析形成于燕山中晚期(104～142.2 Ma),为局部构造运动和岩浆期后热液使成矿元素再富集成矿的地质产物,晚于主成矿期——燕山中期。里伍铜矿中Ag和Au的质量比值为1.38～4.59,推测伴生金的成矿温度应小于或等于227℃。里伍铜矿在成矿过程中至少经历了早期的中高温热液阶段和晚期的中低温热液阶段,早期大量硫化物的析出和晚期中低温绿泥石、绢云母矿物的大量出现也证实了这一过程的存在。  相似文献   

Fabric evolution within shear bands of granular materials and its relation to critical state theory   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pengcheng Fu  Yannis F. Dafalias 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(18):1918-1948

In an effort to study the relation of fabrics to the critical states of granular aggregates, the discrete element method (DEM) is used to investigate the evolution of fabrics of virtual granular materials consisting of 2D elongated particles. Specimens with a great variety of initial fabrics in terms of void ratios, preferred particle orientations, and intensities of fabric anisotropy were fabricated and tested with direct shear and biaxial compression tests. During loading of a typical specimen, deformation naturally localizes within shear bands while the remaining of the sample stops deforming. Thus, studying the evolution of fabric requires performing continuous local fabric measurements inside these bands, a suitable task for the proposed DEM methodology. It is found that a common ultimate/critical state is eventually reached by all specimens regardless of their initial states. The ultimate/critical state is characterized by a critical void ratio e which depends on the mean stress p, while the other critical state fabric variables related to particle orientations are largely independent of p. These findings confirm the uniqueness of the critical state line in the e ? p space, and show that the critical state itself is necessarily anisotropic. Additional findings include the following: (1) shear bands are highly heterogeneous and critical states exist only in a statistical sense; (2) critical states can only be reached at very large local shear deformations, which are not always obtained by biaxial compression tests (both physical and numerical); (3) the fabric evolution processes are very complex and highly dependent on the initial fabrics. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Variability in erosion rates related to the state of landscape transience in the semi‐arid Chilean Andes     

Germán Aguilar  Rodrigo Riquelme  Joseph Martinod  José Darrozes  Eric Maire 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2011,36(13):1736-1748

We quantify erosion rates in the higher sectors of the Huasco Valley, in the Main Cordillera of the semi‐arid Andes of Chile, using elevation differences between three successive geomorphic markers (pediments and paleo‐valleys) and the present day valley. Available Ar‐Ar ages of Neogene pediments are used to estimate mean erosion rates for the three periods (16 to 13 My, 13 to 8 My, and following 8 My). The landscape of the Huasco Valley is in a transient state, as indicated by well‐preserved pediment surfaces in interfluves, valleys deeply incised by fluvial and glacial erosion and scarped head‐valleys that represent the current knickzones. Higher erosion rates (45–75 m/My) are calculated for the more recent period (< 8 My) during which deep incision developed compared to previous periods (6–31 m/My). Quantitative data indicate that glaciers had a much higher erosional capability than fluvial activity in the higher sectors of the Main Cordillera. Comparison with erosion rates calculated in other drainage basins of the Chilean Andes suggests that the variability of erosion rates depends on the landscape's transient erosive state. The landscape's geomorphologic response to the uplift of the Main Cordillera results in the retreat of a knickzone, for which retreat velocity depends on precipitation rate pattern and glacial erosion intensity. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Accuracy of numerical simulations of contaminant transport in heterogeneous aquifers: A comparative study     

F.A. Radu  N. Suciu  J. HoffmannA. Vogel  O. Kolditz  C.-H. ParkS. Attinger 《Advances in water resources》2011,34(1):47-61

This work deals with a comparison of different numerical schemes for the simulation of contaminant transport in heterogeneous porous media. The numerical methods under consideration are Galerkin finite element (GFE), finite volume (FV), and mixed hybrid finite element (MHFE). Concerning the GFE we use linear and quadratic finite elements with and without upwind stabilization. Besides the classical MHFE a new and an upwind scheme are tested. We consider higher order finite volume schemes as well as two time discretization methods: backward Euler (BE) and the second order backward differentiation formula BDF (2). It is well known that numerical (or artificial) diffusion may cause large errors. Moreover, when the Péclet number is large, a numerical code without some stabilising techniques produces oscillating solutions. Upwind schemes increase the stability but show more numerical diffusion. In this paper we quantify the numerical diffusion for the different discretization schemes and its dependency on the Péclet number. We consider an academic example and a realistic simulation of solute transport in heterogeneous aquifer. In the latter case, the stochastic estimates used as reference were obtained with global random walk (GRW) simulations, free of numerical diffusion. The results presented can be used by researchers to test their numerical schemes and stabilization techniques for simulation of contaminant transport in groundwater.  相似文献   

横观各向同性饱和两相介质动力反应计算分析     

翟威  李亮  杜修力 《地震工程学报》2011,33(Z1)

针对横观各向同性饱和两相介质的弹性波动方程组,应用基于显式逐步积分计算格式的时域显式有限元方法对其在输入地震波作用下的动力反应进行计算和分析,并将计算结果与完全各向同性饱和两相介质的计算结果进行对比研究。结果显示横观各向同性饱和两相介质与完全各向同性饱和两相介质的动力反应具有较为显著的差异。同时表明时域显式有限元方法是进行横观各向同性饱和两相介质动力反应计算分析的一种有效方法。  相似文献   

二重钢管防屈曲耗能支撑的有限元分析     

邓雪松  杨叶斌  陈真  周云  邹征敏 《地震工程与工程振动》2011,31(6):96-101

设计了12组41种二重钢管防屈曲耗能支撑试件,应用有限元软件ABAQUS对其进行了有限元分析,研究了径厚比、约束比、长细比和边界条件对支撑性能的影响.分析结果表明:二重钢管防屈曲耗能支撑的径厚比取值不大于24、约束比的取值不小于3时,支撑的滞回曲线饱满、稳定;当支撑的长细比增加时,可以通过提高约束比来避免支撑发生整体屈...  相似文献   

Analytical study of performance evaluation for seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete building using 3D dynamic nonlinear finite element analysis     

Yuichi Sato  Shinichi Kajihara  Yoshio Kaneko 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2011,10(2):291-302

This paper presents three-dimensional fi nite element (FE) analyses of an all-frame model of a three-story reinforced concrete (RC) building damaged in the 1999 Taiwan Chi-Chi Earthquake. Non-structural brick walls of the building acted as a seismic resistant element although their contributions were neglected in the design. Hence, the entire structure of a typical frame was modeled and static and dynamic nonlinear analyses were conducted to evaluate the contributions of the brick walls. However, the results of the analyses were considerably overestimated due to coarse mesh discretizations, which were unavoidable due to limited computer resources. This study corrects the overestimations by modifying (1) the tensile strengths and (2) shear stiffness reduction factors of concrete and brick. The results indicate that brick walls improve frame strength although shear failures are caused in columns shortened by spandrel walls. Then, the effectiveness of three types of seismic retrofi ts is evaluated. The maximum drift of the firstoor is reduced by 89.3%, 94.8%, and 27.5% by Steel-confi ned, Full-RC, and Full-brick models, respectively. Finally, feasibility analyses of models with soils were conducted. The analyses indicated that the soils elongate the natural period of building models although no signifi cant differences were observed.  相似文献   

Pseudo-dynamic test and numerical simulation of high-strength concrete frame structure reinforced with high-strength rebars     

Xin Chen  Shi Yan  Baojian Ji 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2011,10(2):303-311

This paper describes an investigation of a high-strength concrete frame reinforced with high-strength rebars that was tested in the structure engineering laboratory at Shenyang Jianzhu University. The frame specimen was pseudo- dynamically loaded to indicate three earthquake ground motions of different hazard levels, after which the test specimen was subjected to a pseudo-static loading. This paper focuses on the design, construction and experiment of the test frame and validation of the simulation models. Research shows that a high-strength concrete frame reinforced with high-strength rebars is more eff icient and economical than a traditional reinforced concrete frame structure. In addition to the economies achieved by effective use of materials, research shows that the frame can provide enough strength to exceed conventional reinforced concrete frames and provide acceptable ductility. The test study provides evidence to validate the performance of a high- strength concrete frame designed according to current seismic code provisions. Based on previous test research, a nonlinear FEM analysis is completed by using OpenSees software. The dynamic responses of the frame structure are numerically analyzed. The results of the numerical simulation show that the model can calculate the seismic responses of the frame by OpenSees. At the same time, the test provides additional opportunities to validate the performance of the simulation models.  相似文献   

基于球结构支持向量机的QuickBird影像分类分析     

林超  杨敏华 《测绘工程》2011,20(3):46-49

在支持向量机多类识别基础上探讨以球结构替代传统超平面支持向量机对QuickBird影像进行分类的可行性,对重叠区域的数据分类采用新规则,提高球结构支持向量机算法的泛化性能,并将分类结果与最小距离法、最大似然法分类结果进行比较,实验结果表明该算法有效可行,降低了二次规划的复杂度,缩短了样本训练时间.  相似文献   

相空间重构在滑坡预测中的应用     

汤俊  邹自力  张晓平 《地理空间信息》2011,9(1):139-142

针对滑坡位移时间序列的非线性特性,引入基于相空间重构和最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)的预测法.利用Cao氏方法确定嵌入维数,根据互信息法计算最佳延迟时间;然后在相空间中,利用最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)建立预测模型,对滑坡进行了实证计算,且与LSSVM模型和BP神经网络模型进行了比较.结果表明,模型具有较高的精度...  相似文献